Knight Surname Meaning and Origin

Knight Surname Meaning and Origin The basic last name Knight is a status name from the Middle English knyghte, which means knight. While it might allude to somebody who was really a knight, it was a name regularly taken by workers in an illustrious or chivalrous family unit, or even to one who won a title in a challenge of ability. The Knight family name may have initially gotten from the Old English criht, which means kid or serving fellow, as a word related name for a residential worker. Family name Origin: EnglishAlternate Spellings: KNIGHTS, KNIGHTE, KNECHTEN, KNICHTLIN Where People With the KNIGHT Surname Live As indicated by family name circulation information from Forebears, the Knight last name is most normally found in the United States, where it positions 204th and is generally predominant in the Falkland Islands, where it positions twentieth. WorldNames PublicProfiler puts the Knight last name as generally famous in southern England, and Knight is the 90th most normal family name in England. Knight is additionally a typical last name in Australia, Jamaica, New Zealand and the Isle of Man. Well known People With the KNIGHT Last Name Newton Knight -  American rancher, warrior, and southern UnionistBobby Knightâ -resigned American b-ball coachDaniel Ridgway Knightâ -American craftsman Family history Resources for the Surname KNIGHT As opposed to what you may have heard, there is nothing of the sort as a Knight family peak or escutcheon for the Knight surname. Coats of arms are allowed to people, not families, and may legitimately be utilized uniquely by the continuous male-line relatives of the individual to whom the ensign was initially conceded. Records for various Knight families exist everywhere throughout the world and on the web. Models incorporate the parentage of Joseph Knight Sr. furthermore, his significant other, Polly Peck, of New Hampshire and New York, including the two progenitors and relatives. You can discover research on the historical backdrop of the group of Charles Knight, of Virginia, Georgia, and Louisiana. Quest this well known family history gathering for the Knight last name to discover other people who may be exploring your predecessors, or post your own Knight parentage inquiry. GeneaNets Knight Records incorporate chronicled records, family trees, and different assets for people with the Knight last name, with a focus on records and families from France and other European nations. You can likewise peruse family trees and connections to genealogical and chronicled records at the Knight lineage and family tree at Genealogy Today. References Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David. Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket version), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph. Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick, and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H. A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Mr. Birling and Sheila Essay Example For Students

Mr. Birling and Sheila Essay Mr. Birling is a prosperous industrial facility proprietor. He is an independent man. His main goal is to bring in cash, he cites, Its my obligation to keep work cost down. Arthur Birling is someone who is partial to offering others what he believes is acceptable guidance. He generally accepts he has the correct responses to a wide range of inquiries, since he has been fruitful where others have fizzled. What we discover in the play is that a large portion of his recommendation is an inappropriate sort of exhortation, in spite of the fact that he despite everything neglects to acknowledge it. Mr. Birling Regards himself as sensible and pays the going rate to workers. He can't get a handle on a connection among activities and outcomes, or more extensive social/world issues. He has no ideas of significant worth other than cash and position. He is pleased with his status and is an opportunist. He considers him to be as maintaining right qualities and as watchmen of legitimate lead. Mr. Birling invites Gerald Croft into his family as he speaks to a business connect between his firm and that of Gerald Crofts father (an adversary). He has a genuine way to deal with life, he tells the Inspector that he wouldnt tune in to Eva Smiths interest for a compensation rise, I can't, obviously and is shocked why anybody should address why. Mr. Birling unequivocally accepts that a man needs to make his own specific manner. He doesn't consider the damage he may cause to others in view of his mentality. He is an adamant specialist. He is a justice and previous city hall leader who is anticipating accepting a knighthood. He is mindful that Geralds mother is fairly against her children marriage since she trusts him to wed underneath him socially He is hopeful about the future, yet we realize that what he predicts won't become valid. He will not acknowledge any obligation regarding Eva s demise. He gets expanding irritated by the Inspectors addressing and Erics unsympathetic disposition. He attempts to compromise the Inspector by discussing his kinship with the Chief Constable. The most upsetting piece of the play for Birling is the scene where he discovers that his own child is demonstrated to be a hoodlum, a lush and is answerable for fathering a youngster. When he learns of this he shouts You accursed numb-skull why didnt you come to me when you wound up in this wreckage? Erics answer demonstrates that Mr Birling was never near his child, Because youre not the sort of chap a man could go to when hes in a tough situation. Such a reaction demonstrates, that things arent going to improve a lot after the play closes. He speaks to an ugly kind of individual. Toward the finish of the play he hesitantly wishes things were better however even here he despite everything thinks regarding cash, Look, Inspector Id give thousands. He keeps on overlooking the dishonorable things that his family has done. At the point when apparently the Inspector may be a hoaxer he is glad to accept that everything is as it was a couple of hours back. He duplicates the Inspector and chuckles when he recalls the essences of Eric and Sheila and blames them for being the popular more youthful age who know everything. This is a case of pride preceding a fall, after a second obviously he is terrifying as the telephone rings once more. Mr Birling speaks to Priestleys disdain of businesspeople who are just keen on bringing in cash. He will never change his ways and it is left to the more youthful age to gain from their missteps. Sheila At the beginning of the play she is satisfied with life. She is youthful, appealing and has recently gotten ready for marriage. Her bliss is destined to be crushed however similar to her confidence in her family. .u1a1fbb76654b6937a5507cdc1cbdf87f , .u1a1fbb76654b6937a5507cdc1cbdf87f .postImageUrl , .u1a1fbb76654b6937a5507cdc1cbdf87f .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u1a1fbb76654b6937a5507cdc1cbdf87f , .u1a1fbb76654b6937a5507cdc1cbdf87f:hover , .u1a1fbb76654b6937a5507cdc1cbdf87f:visited , .u1a1fbb76654b6937a5507cdc1cbdf87f:active { border:0!important; } .u1a1fbb76654b6937a5507cdc1cbdf87f .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u1a1fbb76654b6937a5507cdc1cbdf87f { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u1a1fbb76654b6937a5507cdc1cbdf87f:active , .u1a1fbb76654b6937a5507cdc1cbdf87f:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u1a1fbb76654b6937a5507cdc1cbdf87f .focused content region { width: 100%; position: r elative; } .u1a1fbb76654b6937a5507cdc1cbdf87f .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-improvement: underline; } .u1a1fbb76654b6937a5507cdc1cbdf87f .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u1a1fbb76654b6937a5507cdc1cbdf87f .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enhancement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1a1fbb76654b6937a5507cdc1cbdf87f:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u1a1fbb76654b6937a55 07cdc1cbdf87f .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u1a1fbb76654b6937a5507cdc1cbdf87f-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u1a1fbb76654b6937a5507cdc1cbdf87f:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Self-Identity EssayHer reaction to the catastrophe is one of only a handful not many urging things to come out of the play. She is really disturbed when she knows about Evas demise and gains from her own conduct. She is bothered by the young ladies self destruction and feels that her dads conduct was inadmissible. She promptly concurs that she carried on seriously and demands that she never implied the young lady any damage. The Inspector says that she is just halfway dependable and later on, when he is going to address Gerald, he urges her to remain and tune in to what he needs to state with the goal that she doesnt feel altogether capable. In addition to the fact that she is set up to concede her deficiencies, she additionally seems sharp and restless to change her conduct later on, Ill never, never do it again. She knows about the riddle encompassing the Inspector, yet understands that there is no reason for attempting to conceal the realities from him. She is experienced about the separating of her commitment and resists the urge to panic. She wont be hurried into tolerating the ring back once the Inspector has left. She can't acknowledge her folks disposition and is both stunned and worried that they havent took in anything from the examination. Despite the fact that the Inspector may be a deception, the family have still acted in a totally inadmissible way. She learns of her duties to others less blessed than herself (the possibility of the network) and is touchy. Her availability to gain as a matter of fact is in extraordinary difference to her folks. Show review just The above see is unformatted text This understudy composed bit of work is one of numerous that can be found in our GCSE J. B. Priestley area. Download this paper Print Save Heres what an educator thought of this article 3 star(s)

Teacher's Role in Classroom Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Educator's Role in Classroom Management - Essay Example Notwithstanding, through the utilization and use of various techniques and exercises, the educator not just talks about a specific subject, (English language, for this situation) yet in addition gets down to business the character of the youthful personalities being tended to. The undertaking of an educator likewise remembers ingraining the correct good and moral qualities for the psyche of the students to assist them with changing into a superior resident and in the long run, a superior individual, who will contribute emphatically to their separate social orders. Diverting distinctive innovative thoughts introduced by understudies the correct way is likewise a significant obligation of an educator. At the point when the subject is instructed with the correct blend of amusingness and gravity, regard creates in understudies and it at last prompts a superior instructor understudy relationship. What has become considerably progressively significant is the job of an instructor in study hall the executives. Homeroom the board is the utilization of those strategies that encourages the exchange of information. It is tied in with restraining, persuading and urging the understudies to set them up to confront the functional world with the correct qualities. The effect of the outer variables and condition on a homeroom air has been all around looked into and affirmed. When taking care of study hall the board, one of the most significant things an educator needs to remember is to guarantee that the earth isn't dull and diverting. Initially, the study hall ought to have a decent gulf and outlet of air with the goal that the correct flexibly of oxygen keeps up an enthusiastic and sound climate. Utilizing encased spaces for study hall isn't extremely compelling while at the same time educating since understudies will in general feel eager and exhausted in a climate which looks choking. Aside from that, the guest plans and the educator's corner ought to be set in such a manner along these lines, that it gives the homeroom an extensive look, while not demonstrating a hinderance to the correspondence that will happen. Tidiness and request in homeroom course of action is much increasingly significant. It is basic that the solace level of understudies is likewise remembered as uneasiness due to unleveled seats or shifting temperatures in the homeroom may end up being incredible interruptions in the learning procedure. Besides, it is the job of the instructor to ensure that all understudies can see the educator and learning devices unmistakably. Beautiful outlines and shows invigorate the brains of the understudies and assist them with holding information better. It is better if an educator attempts to supplant diagrams with new ones and include new things show to upkeep intrigue and interest. In keeping up the correct condition, the educator assumes the most huge job with regards to teach and the conduct of the understudies. It is basic that trouble making of an understudy is pronounced off-base and rebuffed however in an unpretentious manner so as not to threaten different understudies. In general, an agreeable situation is important to better the learning procedure and give showing the correct stream. [Barbara L. Shrivel (Schoolmarm), 2000, 'Homeroom Management Plan'] Correspondence It won't not be right to express that starting and

The Return: Nightfall Chapter 19

Matt was thumping at the Bryces' entryway, with Elena next to him. Elena had masked herself by stuffing all her hair into a Virginia Cavaliers baseball top and wearing wraparound shades from one of Stefan's drawers. She was likewise wearing an over-huge maroon and naval force Pendleton shirt gave by Matt, and some Meredith's grown out of pants. She felt sure that nobody who had known the old Elena Gilbert could ever perceive her, dressed this way. The entryway opened gradually to uncover not Mr. or on the other hand Mrs. Bryce, nor Jim, however Tamra. She was wearing †well, near nothing. She had on a strap swimsuit base, yet it looked high quality, as though she'd cut a normal two-piece base with scissors †and it was starting to break apart. On top she had two round improvements made of cardboard with sequins glued on and a couple of strands of hued tinsel. On her head she wore a paper crown, which was unmistakably where she'd gotten the tinsel. She'd made an endeavor to stick strands onto the swimsuit bottoms also. The outcome appeared as though what it was: a kid's endeavor to make an outfit for a Las Vegas showgirl or stripper. Matt promptly convoluted and stood confronting endlessly, however Tami gave herself wholeheartedly to him and put herself to his back. â€Å"Matt Honey-butt,† she cooed. â€Å"You returned. I realized you would. In any case, why'd you carry this monstrous old prostitute with you? By what means can we †â€Å" Elena ventured forward, at that point, since Matt had spun with his hand up. She was certain that Matt had never struck a female in his life, particularly a kid, however he was additionally over-delicate around a couple of subjects. Like her. Elena figured out how to get among Matt and the shockingly solid Tamra. She needed to conceal a grin while mulling over Tami's outfit. All things considered, just a couple of days prior, she hadn't comprehended the human exposure untouchable by any stretch of the imagination. Presently she got it, however it didn't appear to be close to as significant as it once had. Individuals were brought into the world with their own consummately great skins on. There was no genuine explanation, in her brain, to wear bogus skins over those, except if it was cold or by one way or another awkward without them. In any case, society said that to be exposed was to be mischievous. Tami was attempting to be underhanded, in her own infantile way. â€Å"Get your hands off me, you old whore,† Tamra growled as Elena held her away from Matt, and afterward she included a few rather long exclamations. â€Å"Tami, where are your folks? Where's your brother?† Elena said. She overlooked the profane words †they were simply sounds †yet observed that Matt had gone white around the lips. â€Å"You apologize to Elena at the present time! Apologize for talking that way!† he requested. â€Å"Elena's a smelling carcass with worms in her eye sockets,† Tamra sang talkatively. â€Å"But my companion says she was a prostitute when she was alive. A real† †a string of four-letter words that made Matt heave †â€Å"cheap whore.You know. Nothing's less expensive than something that comes free.† â€Å"Matt, simply don't pay any attention,† Elena said faintly, and she rehashed, â€Å"Where are your folks and Jim?† The appropriate response was covered with more exclamations, however it added up to the story †honest or not †that Mr. what's more, Mrs. Bryce had left in the midst of a get-away for a couple of days, and that Jim was with his better half, Isobel. â€Å"Okay, at that point, I surmise I'll simply need to assist you with getting into some increasingly average clothes,† Elena said. â€Å"First, I think you need a shower to get these Christmas trinkets off †â€Å" â€Å"Just attempt hy-hy! Simply attempt hy-hy!† The appropriate response was somewhere close to the whinny of a pony and human discourse. â€Å"I stuck them on with PermaStick!† Tami included and afterward started chuckling a high and crazy note. â€Å"Oh, my God †Tamra, do you understand that if there isn't some dissolvable for this, you may require surgery?† Tami's answer was foul. There was additionally an unexpected foul smell. Actually no, not a smell, Elena thought: a stifling, gutcurdling odor. â€Å"Oops!† Tami gave that high, polished chuckle once more. â€Å"Pardonmoi . At any rate it'snatural gas.† Matt made a sound as if to speak. â€Å"Elena †I don't figure we ought to be here. With her people gone and all†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"They're anxious about me,† Tamra snickered. â€Å"Aren'tyou ?† †abruptly in a voice that had dropped a few octaves. Elena looked at Tamra without flinching. â€Å"No, I'm most certainly not. I simply feel frustrated about a young lady who was in an unlucky spot. Yet, Matt's correct, I presume. We need to go.† Tami's entire way appeared to change. â€Å"I'm so sorry†¦. I didn't understand I had visitors of that gauge. Try not to go, it would be ideal if you Matt.† Then she included a classified murmur to Elena, â€Å"Is he any good?† â€Å"What?† Tami gestured at Matt, who quickly turned his back to her. He looked as though he felt an awful, horrendous interest for Tami's strange appearance. â€Å"Him. Is he any acceptable in the sack?† â€Å"Matt, take a gander at this.† Elena held up a little container of paste. â€Å"I think she really did PermaStick that stuff to her skin. We need to call Child Protective Services or whatever, since no one took her to the medical clinic immediately. Regardless of whether her folks thought about this conduct or not, they shouldn't have recently left her.† â€Å"I simply hopethey're okay. Her family,† Matt said inauspiciously as they exited the entryway, with Tami coolly tailing them to the vehicle, and yelling offensive insights regarding â€Å"what a decent time† they had, â€Å"the three of them.† Elena looked at him precariously from her place in the front seat †with no ID or driver's permit, obviously, she realized she shouldn't drive. â€Å"Maybe we would be wise to take her to the police first. My God, that poor family!† Matt said nothing for quite a while. His jawline was set, his mouth bleak. â€Å"I feel some way or another as though I'm liable. That is to say, I knew there was some kind of problem with her †I ought to have disclosed to her folks then.† â€Å"Now you're seeming like Stefan. You're not answerable for everybody you meet.† Matt gave her an appreciative look, and Elena proceeded, â€Å"In truth I will request that Bonnie and Meredith do one other thing, which demonstrates you're most certainly not. I will request that they beware of Isobel Saitou, Jim's girlfriend.You've never had any contact with her, however Tami may have.† â€Å"You mean you believe she has it, too?† â€Å"That's what I trust Bonnie and Meredith will discover out.† Bonnie halted abruptly, nearly losing her hang on Mrs. Forbes' feet. â€Å"I am not going into that bedroom.† â€Å"You need to. I can't deal with her alone,† Meredith said. At that point she included cajolingly, â€Å"Look, Bonnie, on the off chance that you go in with me, I'll reveal to you a secret.† Bonnie piece her lip. At that point she shut her eyes and let Meredith manage her, bit by bit, more distant into this house of loathsomeness. She knew where the main room was †all things considered, she had played here since youth. Only a few doors down, at that point turn left. She was amazed when Meredith reached an unexpected stop after just a couple of steps. â€Å"Bonnie.† â€Å"Well? What?† â€Å"I would prefer not to startle you, yet †â€Å" This had the quick impact of frightening Bonnie. Her eyes snapped open. â€Å"What?What? † Before Meredith could answer she looked behind her in dread and saw what. Caroline was behind her. However, not standing. She was slithering †no, she was abandoning, the manner in which she had on Stefan's floor. Like a reptile. Her bronze hair, unkempt, hung down over her face. Her elbows and knees stood out at unimaginable points. Bonnie shouted, however the weight of the house appeared to hold the shout down her throat. The main impact it had was to make Caroline gaze toward her with a speedy reptilian development of her head. â€Å"Oh, my God †Caroline, what happened to your face?† Caroline had a bruised eye. Or on the other hand rather, a purplish-red eye that was swollen to such an extent that Bonnie realized it would need to turn dark in time. On her jaw was another purple growing wound. Caroline didn't reply, except if you tallied the sibilant murmur she gave while abandoning forward. â€Å"Meredith, run! She's privilege behind me!† Meredith enlivened her pace, looking startled †all the all the more alarming to Bonnie on the grounds that basically nothing could shake her companion. In any case, as they staggered forward, with Mrs. Forbes skipping between them, Caroline abandoned right under her mom and into the entryway of her folks' room, the main room. â€Å"Meredith, I won't go in th †† But they were at that point lurching through the entryway. Bonnie shot speedy shooting looks into each corner. Caroline was no place to be seen. â€Å"Maybe she's in the closet,† Meredith said. â€Å"Now, let me go first and put her head on the most distant side of the bed. We can alter her later.† She sponsored around the bed, practically hauling Bonnie with her, and dumped Mrs. Forbes' upper middle so her head laid on pads. â€Å"Now simply test her and put her sanity down on the other side.† â€Å"I can't do it. I can't! Caroline'sunder the bed, you know.† â€Å"She can't be under the bed. There's just around a five-inch clearance,† Meredith said immovably. â€Å"She's there! Iknow it. And† †rather furiously †â€Å"you guaranteed you'd disclose to me a secret.† â€Å"All right!† Meredith gave a complicit look through her tousled dim hair. â€Å"I broadcast Alaric yesterday. He's so out of sight the boonies that transmit is the best way to contact him, and it might be days before my message gets to him. I had a thought that we were going to require his recommendation. I feel awful, requesting that he do ventures that aren't for his doctorate, however †â€Å" â€Å"Who thinks about his doctorate? Godbless you!† cried B

Angels in America †Essay 2 Free Essays

Holy messengers in America is a play composed by Tony Kushner that accounts the breaking down connections of two couples. The story is set in America during the 1980s against a foundation of voracity, conservatism, legislative issues, and dubious sexuality. It is this scenery that provides Angels in Americaâ with its immensity and separates it from other romantic tales. We will compose a custom paper test on Holy messengers in America †Essay 2 or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now In this play, the plot is to a great extent driven by its topics, which are seen from various characters’ points of view as the story unfurls. All through the play, Kushner acquaints with perusers, numerous profound issues. A portion of these issues include: homosexuality, religion, generalizations, race/ethnicity, forswearing, selling out, and personality; each character in the play questions and thinks about in any event one of these subjects. As a peruser, it was especially intriguing to watch the characters battle with the issue of generalizations. Living in New York City during the 21st century, the gay network has had and keeps on being an unmistakable piece of society. The gay individuals that I have encountered don't appear to be timid or embarrassed about their sexual direction. They don't shroud what their identity is pulled in to and they don't see their direction as an indication of shortcoming. Because of my presentation to this, it was confounding to witness Roy’s response after got notification from his primary care physician that he has contracted AIDS. Roy states, â€Å"Now to somebody who doesn't get this, gay is the thing that I am on the grounds that I have intercourse with men. However this isn't right. Gay people are not men who lay down with other men. Gay people are men who in fifteen years of attempting can't get an afterthought antidiscrimination bill through City Council. Gay people are men who know no one and who no one know. Who have zero clout. Does this sound like me, Henry? † (Kushner, 51). In spite of the fact that Roy may want another man, to him want is unimportant. Roy just relates to other influential individuals and in his eyes, gays are feeble. Roy accepts his cash and status shield him from the mistreatment gay men face. Roy is even persuaded that he can utilize his cash to purchase insusceptibility from AIDS. Another issue that is raised by Kushner is mental soundness. In the play there is a character named Harper who is dependent on Valium. All through the play, Harper battles and questions what mental stability is. Her distinctive creative mind makes her movement among the real world and dream regularly. At a certain point, towards the finish of Part One, Harper â€Å"travels† to Antarctica in a fantasy. She accepts that she has discovered her perfect world and now she can at last live in harmony. Harper’s nonexistent companion, Mr. Falsehoods joins her n her excursion and clarifies, â€Å"This is a retreat, a vacuum, its excellence is that it needs everything; profound freeze for sentiments. You can be numb and safe here, that’s what you desired. Regard the fragile nature of your delusions† (Kushner, 108). Harper needs to stay in her made hallucination perpetually; her showed ideal world is a consequence of her powerlessness to confront reality. Since Harper is too frightened to even think about leaving the limits of her home, she has made a world inside her own brain with the goal that she can live there and stay in heaven for eternity. Step by step instructions to refer to Angels in America †Essay 2, Essays

Boston Tea Party

Boston Tea Party Boston Tea Party, 1773. In the contest between British Parliament and the American colonists before the Revolution, Parliament, when repealing the Townshend Acts , had retained the tea tax, partly as a symbol of its right to tax the colonies, partly to aid the financially embarrassed East India Company . The colonists tried to prevent the consignees from accepting taxed tea and were successful in New York and Philadelphia. At Charleston the tea was landed but was held in government warehouses. At Boston, three tea ships arrived and remained unloaded but Gov. Thomas Hutchinson refused to let the ships leave without first paying the duties. A group of indignant colonists, led by Samuel Adams , Paul Revere , and others, disguised themselves as Native Americans, boarded the ships on the night of Dec. 16, 1773, and threw the tea into the harbor. In reply Parliament passed the Boston Port Bill (see Intolerable Acts ). See studies by B. W. Labaree (1964) and B. L. Carp (2010). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History

Application of Laura Mulvey’s Arguments in Visual Pleasure - 1375 Words

Application of Laura Mulvey's Arguments in Visual Pleasure (Movie Review Sample) Content: NameProfessorTitleDate Application of Laura Mulveys arguments in Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema to the Wolf of the Wall Streets male gazeIntroduction The Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema is the work of Laura Mulvey that was influenced by theoretical works of Jacques Lacan and Sigmund Freud. That work helped in advancing film theory orientation towards a psychoanalytic framework. In her piece of work, Mulvey uses concepts of Lacan and Freud as a political weapon where she argues that spectators are put in a subject masculine position by the cinematic apparatus of classical Hollywood cinema (Mulvey 1). This argument arises from the aspect of a woman's figure appearing on screen as the object of desire.How it is linked to the Wolf of the Wall Streets male gaze The Wolf of the Wall Street is the work of Martin Scorsese that shows the trend of a real life finance scam involving Jordan Belfort, who is an artist and narrated by DiCaprio. The story indicates how Jor dan moved from small time penny-stock trader to the point of forming Stratton Oakmont that is among the largest brokerage firms on the Wall Street. After the amassing sizable amount of wealth Jordan develops a following similar to a cult, he also introduces questionable stocks to investors to amass more wealth. Later he begins the practice of money laundering and stock manipulation that gives him and his colleagues the pride that drives them to indulge in drugs, sex, and weird behavior (Herbst 1). The film depicts women as playthings meant to entertain and give rich men like Jordan pleasure. This essay shows how the Mulvey's Visual pleasure and narrative cinema arguments are used in the Wolf of the Wall Street's male gaze.Positioning of the gaze The gaze appears in various forms, first of all; the gaze positions itself as a political use of psychoanalysis. The woman is undermined throughout the narrative and cinema forming a patriarchal society. The woman is used as a signifier for the male bound by a symbolic order. A man uses the woman to fulfill his fantasies and obsessions via linguistic command by imposing them on the silent image of a woman who remains tied to her place as the bearer of meaning. The narrative cinema shows men to be in charge of a major decision in the society and brings out women as objects that should follow what they are told to do by men (Mulvey 1). The whole narrative does not take into account the tribulations that women undergo because as long as men are well taken care of by women the society everything is assumed to be okay. The gaze is also positioned as a narration of pleasure derived from looking at sexually stimulating images of women's genitals in what is termed as Scopophilia "love of looking". The narrative cinema also brings out the love of looking as an aspect of selfishness that only considers one group that comprises of those watching while it neglects the moral rights of those exposing their genitals. The narrative al so brings out sexual imbalance as an order of the day in the society (Mulvey 2). A woman comes out as a traditional exhibitionist that should be looked at, what the heroine provokes is what counts most, and hence she has no importance at all. A woman comes out as an erotic object for the spectator within the auditorium and also as an automatic erotic object for the characters within the screen story. The narrative brings out man as the one who makes things happen where he identifies with the main male protagonist. The film opens with the woman being an inferior object; she is isolated and sexualized. However, as the narrative goes on she falls in love with the male protagonist and forms part of his property (Mulvey 2). That makes her outward glamorous characteristics, show-girl connotations and sexuality to fade away. The spectator also gets the opportunity to possess her through participation in his power. Eventually, the dominant look of the male protagonist is broken to favor th e image that is in direct erotic rapport with the spectator. The usage of a woman's beauty as an object disappears, and she comes out as a perfect product.How the gaze can be subverted by Wolf of the Wall Streets male gaze Wolf does not say anything interesting concerning the women who inhabit the world of Jordan. Barbie doll figures, strippers, and hookers merely act as props to please the male protagonist as they continue with their awkward behaviors that make them laugh. The entire story shows how women were marginalized on the Wall Street trading floors through the scenes of prostitutes and parading of strippers. The Wall Street's male gaze subverts the Mulvey's narration and cinema in that it is more extreme; the film displays female bodies that are naked or barely clothed indicating the shaven or waxed private parts. Body parts such as breasts, shimmying bottoms and stilettos are openly exposed and it appears like the Wall Street machismo is seducing the filmmakers who critici zed them before (Herbst 2). Unlike in Mulvey's narration cinema, the Wolf of the Street is mainly dominated by the male gaze. Hollywood manipulates visual pleasure to create magic coding erotic into the language dominated by patriarchal order. Naomi (Margot Robbie) who is the main female actor meets Jordan wearing skintight mini dress containing a cutout that reveals each part of her breast. When men are alerted to look at her by Stratton associates at the party, anticipation amongst men grows. As she flashes a dazzling smile before the camera men run wild with one man confessing he would rather contact Aids but sleep with her and another confessing he would sleep with her even if she were his sister. Donnie masturbates when he lands his eyes on half naked Naomi and in return bemused Naomi laughs at himThe overall point of view (POV) of the Narrative The narrative mainly focuses on addressing the gender disparity that exists in the society. Throughout the narrative man is the main p rotagonist who makes things work out. Furthermore, women seem not to have as specified role in the society but instead they are meant to make life more enjoyable for men. Thus, the narrative aims at bringing out the wrong beliefs that the society continue to cling on in an attempt to help people see the reality. The story seems so boring until women emerge and stimulates the audience. That strongly communicate the acting talent women have compared to men (Mulvey 3). Furthermore, that should tell men that indeed women can do better than them in many aspects of life in the society. The narrative, therefore, aims at revealing the hidden truth in efforts to convince the community to change their attitude towards women.Construction of gender notions Gender notions come out to indicate that men are more important in the society than women, and that is why in the Wolf of the Wall Street Naomi seems to lack a future of her own. After giving a blowjob to Jordan in his Lamborghini, she talks of maintainin...

The Heart Of The Lungs - 857 Words

The Lungs are a part of every living human and animal that exist today. The lungs are classified as one of the hardest-working organs in the body, besides the heart. They can expand and contract up to 20 times a minute or more to provide oxygen to be distributed to tissues in all parts of the body. They are considered to be the largest organ in the body. Taking up over forty percent of the chest cavity. Due to the size, we can only have two. The heart takes up the other space in the upper cavity. Each lung is made up of a sponge like material of tissue. They have been divided up into sections called lobes. The right lung has three lobes and the left lung only has two. These are called the superior, middle, and inferior. The average size of the lungs is 11 in. in length. Most normal adult human’s lungs are about the same size. The normal lungs have an average weight of 234 grams or so. The weight depends a lot on the health of the lung. The average pair of human lungs can hold about 5 liters of air. Approximately, a healthy human can breathe up to 24480 times in a day. The lungs are red color because it is smooth muscles. It is made of all muscle tissue. The job of my organ is to take oxygen from the air and carbon dioxide is exchange. It does its job with the millions tiny grape-likes cells that are called alveoli, which allows oxygen to seep into the capillaries or the thin wall that air sacs where carbon dioxide exchange take place.Show MoreRelatedHeart Disease, Lung And Blood Institute2047 Words   |  9 PagesBACKGROUND In January 1986, heart disease in women emerged from the shadows when the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) convened a workshop of researchers and clinicians to describe the current state of knowledge and provide direction for future research in the area of coronary heart disease (CHD) in women. 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My Results From Physical Performance Lab - 1176 Words

Looking at my results from the physical performance lab, I can definitely say that the positive aspects of my assessment were my body composition, flexibility, grip strength, and lung function. From an early age, I had participated in ballet and gymnastics, so being able to touch my toes or reaching the ground is something that is almost second nature to me. I got a 6.5 on the flexibility test and although I did not do as well as I had anticipated, I did the best I could from my time apart from ballet. Nonetheless, every morning when I wake up, I would get out of bed and try and stand up straight and see how much I have improved in terms of touching my toes. Stretching has become a part of my daily routine when I get out of bed. Meanwhile, my percent fat is not very shocking to me because I try to eat as healthy as I can, as well as drinking 2 liters of water daily. 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How Effective is Federalism in the U.S. - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2137 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/02/15 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Federalism Essay Did you like this example? American federalism has evolved in many ways over the years. The common theme among the different types of federalism is balancing power between federal government and lower levels of government. There are those who shed light mainly on the disadvantages of federalism, but there are also those who choose to shift their focus to the advantages and ways that federalism can empower citizens. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Effective is Federalism in the U.S." essay for you Create order Does competition among state and federal government really focus on the well-being of citizens? How do mobility and choice tie into federalism? Is there a pending resurgence of federalism in our nation? Federalism is a unique system of government. In America, there are various levels of government such as local, state and federal. The idea of federalism is that the divided authority will counter an all-powerful federal government. The Tenth Amendment is the basis for American federalism (Unknown author, https://definitions.uslegal.com/f/federalism/, unknown publish date). This Amendment addresses the relationship between state and federal government (Unknown author, https://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/tenth_amendment, unknown publish date). To understand federalism, it’s important to know the history of the system, what inspired the idea to begin with, how it’s evolved, the ways it affects citizens, etc. Around the 1780’s most nations had unitary governments . A unitary government is a system in which the central government wields either most or all political authority. Americans specifically rebelled against the unitary government of Britain. Understandably, when forming the U.S., early Americans weren’t too keen on the idea of jumping right back into this type of system. Confederations were another popular system of government around this time. This type of government gives a majority of the power to states. One of the main issues with a confederation is weakened central authority. Delegates at the Constitutional Convention came up with a tentative solution. Enter: federalism. The U.S. first saw dual federaism from 1789-1933. In dual federalism, it’s very apparent which level of government has what authority. For this reason, dual federalism is also referred to as â€Å"layer cake† federalism. Defined â€Å"layers† of governmental responsibility, just like a layer cake. Next, cooperative federalism (1933-1981) was implemented. Cooperative federalism is also called â€Å"marble cake† federalism. The reason for thi s is that in this system, different government functions all seem sort of blended together. While a cake with flavors that intermingle is quite enjoyable, as a system of government, it can become confusing. Who’s authorized to do what? That’s a question cooperative federalism poses. From 1981-2009, the United States saw the rise of new federalism. New federalism emphasizes the importance of local and state governments. The lines of authority are even more swirled together with new federalism than with cooperative federalism. Introduced in 2009 and still in practice today, we have progressive federalism. Progressive federalism, of course, grants the federal government power to set certain ground rules for what states can do, but ultimately the idea is that states will have the bulk of the power (Unknown author, Types of Federalism, the Basis for American Government, https://www.dummies.com/education/politics-government/types-of-federalism-the-basis-for-american-government/, unknown publish date). A prime example of federalism is the movement to make the recreational use of marijuana legal. Marijuana is classified by the federal government as a controlled substance. Even though recreational use of marijuana is still federally prohibited, the Obama administration inspired a more laid-back attitude regarding marijuana. States are generally allowed to decide how they’d like to penalize (or not penalize) citizens if they’re found to be in possession of marijuana. Though, states still must meet specific requirements (like not allowing children to end up with marijuana in thei r possession) (G. Lopez, Marijuana Legalization, Explained, https://www.vox.com/platform/amp/identities/2018/8/20/17938372/marijuana-legalization-federal-prohibition-drug-scheduling-system, November 14, 2018). Competitive federalism is again, based on the Tenth Amendment. Its main concept is that states should be able to compete with one another on important policy issues. The idea is that if states are given the money and authority to do so, there’s more room for beneficial changes and breakthroughs (M. Mayer, Power to the States, https://www.usnews.com/news/the-report/articles/2018-05-31/right-and-left-should-come-together-on-competitive-federalism, May 31, 2018). One major argument made by those who support competitive federalism is that it liberates citizens. More specifically, supporters argue that competitive federalism gives constituents the ability to act as government consumers by finding which state best fits their specific needs and then moving there (O. Lipsett, the Failure of Federalism: Does Competitive Federalism Actually Protect Individual Rights?, Constitutional Journal of Law, March 2008). Choice and mobility are recurring themes throughout the multiple points of view on federalism overall. The new era known that brought about competitive federalism surfaced around 1978. At this time, state governments and federal government began engaging in competition with one another for citizens, support and resources. Around 1928 to 1978, the federal government had an apparent fiscal edge. This was known as the centralization period. Competitive federalism was a result of the loss of that advantage (J. Shannon, J.E. Kee, Public Budgeting Finance, Volume 9, Issue 4, December 1989). There’s a lot of questioning about whether or n ot competitive federalism is truly beneficial to citizens. For example, in United States v. Windsor, the issue was same-sex marriage. The Defense of Marriage Act (known hereafter as DOMA) was passed in 1996. DOMA allowed states to decide whether or not they’d recognize same-sex marriages. At the time DOMA was in effect, the federal government specifically defined â€Å"marriage† as a union between a male and a female. Because of this, many same-sex couples didn’t have access to some significant benefits heterosexual married couples did (joint tax filing, estate-tax exemption, etc.). The Court ultimately ruled that the states were permitted to choose whether or not to define marriage. Then, a woman who had been directly feeling the negative effects of DOMA took monumental action. Edith Windsor sued the federal government and succeeded. Her victory resulted in DOMA being repealed. It was determined that the federal government was not authorized to define marriage This is a significant example of competitive federalism because same-sex couples could move to states that wouldn’t deny them marital benefits. (Unknown author, 3.4 Competitive Federalism Today, https://cnx.org/contents/[emailprotected]:[emailprotected]/Competitive-Federalism-Today, unknown publish date) Federalism can be empowering to citizens. First, there are many states that are extremely focused on individual rights. Since states are given leeway to make decisions on policy issues, some citizens who may not feel their rights are protected in one state may feel differently in another. This is c losely related to citizen choice. Citizens are empowered because they’re given options to find a state that could meet unfulfilled needs. Citizens also can find themselves empowered through the emphasis on state government’s power. More Americans seem to trust state and local levels of government than in the national government. This is understandable, as these levels of government offer quicker and more efficient responses to constituents’ needs (Morone Kersh, By the People: Third Edition, 2016). Private ownership is the first of three private economic principles. It’s the responsibility of the government to determine who owns what, permit property owners to use their own judgement to determine the best use of their private property. The government must also protect private property. In nations that don’t have an organized, formal system for private ownership, there are lots of issues. If government isn’t establishing legal rules that determine who owns what, there’s not much they can do to protect the property (T. West, The Heritage Foundation’s First Principles Series, The Economic Principles of Americas Founders: Property Rights, Free Markets and Sound Money, No. 32, August 30, 2010). Market freedom is the next private economic principle. Everyone must be entitled to sell what they what, when they want and to who they want for a reasonable price that’s mutually agreed upon. There are some exceptions, of course. The role of the gove rnment in market freedom is to clarify contracts and ensure the terms are upheld ( (T. West, The Heritage Foundation’s First Principles Series, The Economic Principles of Americas Founders: Property Rights, Free Markets and Sound Money, No. 32, August 30, 2010). A command (or planned) economy is the opposite of a free market. Command economies place centralized power in the government to delegate how much of certain goods are produced and how they’re sold and used (L. Kramer, What’s the Difference Between a Market Economy and a Command Economy, https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/100314/whats-difference-between-market-economy-and-command-economy.asp, January 9, 2018). The last private economic principle is stable money. There needs to be a reliable way of measuring market value. A lack of reliable money can lead to unpredictable fluctuations in the prices of services and goods (T. West, The Heritage Foundation’s First Principles Series, The Economic Principles of Americas Founders: Property Rights, Free Markets and Sound Money, No. 32, August 30, 2010). Mobility and choice are key topics within federalism. There are those who are of the opinion that federalism offers citizens more choices. Those who are in this camp of thought argue that citizens can simply base their decisions on where to move according to which states offer which benefits, programs, resources, etc. However, there are also those who argue that people aren’t always able to easily utilize that mobility (Morone Kersh, By the People: Third Editon, 2016). Federalism relates to centralization and addresses same. The fiscal correlation between federalism and centralization is that in theory, lower levels of government are given more freedom to make decisions. Federalism also directly relates to policy centralization. Again, since federalism aims to balance power, there’s a drive to let states take more charge on policy matters (J. Rodden, Comparative Federalism and Decentralization: On Meaning and Measurement, Comparative Politics, Vol. 36, No. 4, July 2004). One advantage of federalism is protection against autocracy. This is arguably one of the most important advantages of a federalist system. With power divvied up between, there’s less of a chance of the nation falling under tyrannical rule. Checks and balances are important for this reason (R. Wiseman, Advanta ges Disadvantages of Federalism, https://bloomp.net/articles/benefits-of-federalism.htm, unknown publish date). Another advantage of federalism is that citizen participation is increased. As mentioned previously, citizens show more trust in local levels of government. Because the federal government isn’t given omnipotent authority, citizens are more inclined to participate in political activities (R. Wiseman, Advantages Disadvantages of Federalism, https://bloomp.net/articles/benefits-of-federalism.htm, unknown publish date). A third advantage of federalism is that state governments are far more responsive to the needs of the citizens. This is very closely tied in with increased citizen participation. This leads to better conflict management and a more efficient system (R. Wiseman, Advantages Disadvantages of Federalism, https://bloomp.net/articles/benefits-of-federalism.htm, unknown publish date). Now, of course, there are certain disadvantages of federalism. The first is that federalism makes it possible for there to be policy imbalances among the states. (R. Wiseman, Advantages Di sadvantages of Federalism, https://bloomp.net/articles/benefits-of-federalism.htm, unknown publish date). An example that comes to mind is the case of United States v. Windsor, which I discussed earlier in this paper. A second disadvantage of federalism is that it makes unanimity quite difficult. We are a nation of different political parties. When local officials are in charge of parties in a state, the politics can get particularly chaotic (Morone Kersh, By the People: Third Edition, 2016). Finally, as previously discussed when reviewing the history of federalism in America, it was made very obvious that blurred lines of authority can pose various issues. Overlapping governmental responsibilities can breed coordination issues (Morone Kersh, By the People: Third Edition, 2016). There are some factors that may be paving the way for a resurgence of federalism in America. Historically, America has had a national government smaller than other nations. During significant events such as the World Wars, the Great Depression and the Cold War, the size grew. However, with each increase in size, efforts have been consistent to reduce size again. Another factor is that Americans have displayed a tremendous amount of civic voluntarism since the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This means citizens are getting involved in public life of their own volition. This voluntary spirit leads to political innovations and positive changes in policies across the nation. Finally, checks and balances, ensuring that public officials cannot act unilaterally, could has and will continue to lead to great strides for our nation (Morone Kersh, By the People: Third Edition, 2016). Throughout the process of examining the positive and negative aspects of a federalist system, I do be lieve that it’s an effective system. Checks and balances, citizen involvement and responsive officials can all lead the way to improve upon this system and work toward empowering the nation’s citizens more than ever before.

Market Failure Of The Pharmaceutical Industry - 1245 Words

Market failure appears when there is a failure in allocation of goods and services. When the market is unsuccessful, the government is called to intervene and correct the failure. Over the years, government participation in the pharmaceutical market has been more wide-ranging than any other good or service. With the government’s ability to regulate, mandate, inform, finance and provide, their intervention to overcome market failure can be beneficial for the economy. Market failure plays a significant role in today’s economy. Pharmaceutical industries are a prime example. There are several possible reasons as to why and how market failures might lead to such high prices for drugs. Information asymmetry is the most critical form of†¦show more content†¦Moreover, patients often have less knowledge than the prescriber does about the appropriateness of the drug, where it can be very misinforming for the consumer. Lastly, drug efficacy is a problem in all contexts. Since stakeholders are likely, less informed than manufacturers it causes both the consumer and prescriber to depend on the manufacturer for information of the effectiveness of the drug (Bennett, Quick, Velasquez, 2016). Externalities, also viewed as the negative spillover effect, plays a role in market failures associated with pharmaceuticals. In the pharmaceutical sector, externalities take place when consumers affect the utilization of a drug’s value. Externalities typically stop consumers from receiving cheaper costs for drugs because they normally don’t carry the complete costs of drug expenses. Negative externalities induce a cycle of ongoing sales, more profits and more subsidies. Thus, if externalities are left to be controlled by a market then the implications will lead to high pricing on products. Recently, there had been a controversy over the rise in pharmaceutical costs involving the EpiPen in the United States. 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Aquinas vs. Augustine on Their Varying Views of Women Free Essays

St Thomas Aquinas and St Augustine of Hippo are considered to be two of the greatest Christian theologians in the history of Christianity. Both of these men are apart of the same organization, the Church. Just by this fact it would be easy to assume that they agree on all major issues of the day but this is not the case. We will write a custom essay sample on Aquinas vs. Augustine on Their Varying Views of Women or any similar topic only for you Order Now They have completely differing views with respect to women in secular and religious life corresponding with the idea of original sin, human sexuality, and social roles. Even in the modern Catholic Church they are still regarded as two of the most important doctors of the church despite their different teachings on key important aspects of leading a Christian life. This shows the variability within the institution of the Catholic Church and some degrees of disagreement within a major faith organization. St Augustine of Hippo termed the idea of original sin. Nowhere in the history of the church had any such concept been taught. He was a man who lived a life of sin and promiscuity until he had an extreme conversion. After this conversion he needed a way to justify all his bad decisions. He did so by terming original sin as the first sin made by Eve that doomed all of mankind for the rest of days. Augustine blames Eve for all the bad experiences in his life, even for all the bad decisions that he has made. He uses original sin and reveals the idea in such a way that no one has to take responsibility for his or her actions because it is innate in us to be bad. Original sin gives people an ‘easy out’ to excuse all previous bad behavior. Never before had the term ‘original sin’ been placed on the sin’s of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. Augustine’s example of an ideal woman, his mother, is even faulted by this original sin caused by Eve. â€Å"†¦the torments which she suffered were proof that she had inherited the legacy of Eve, seeking in sorrow what with sorrow she had brought into the world† (Confessions, 101). It is as if woman cannot help but be lesser than man. Even his mother, who he has a high regard for, is as good as she can be—for a woman, â€Å"It is not of her gifts that I shall speak, but of the gifts you gave to her† (Confessions, 192). Original sin is possessed by all humankind and cannot be avoided, this makes it easy for people to remain blameless for sins they have committed. St Thomas Aquinas did not believe in the idea of original sin. He believed that you make choices in life and that original sin was a way to get out of taking responsibility for all the actions that you make, â€Å"†¦so original sin is not the sin of this person except insofar as this person receives his nature from his first parent† (The Summa, 44). He notices that in Genesis that man and woman are created by God before sin and by this interpretation it would be impossible for original sin to exist if it is inherent in mankind. â€Å"What is natural to man was neither taken away nor added to him by sin† (The Summa, 40). Inadvertently by stating this, he is not blaming women for the fall of man. He didn’t believe that woman should be blamed for every evil thing in the world. In fact, he agues that woman was made to perfect man and that without her he would not be whole and able to procreate. †¦it was necessary for woman to be made as a ‘helpmate’ to man† (The Summa, 37). Woman is not condemned to be below man. Aquinas does not explicitly state this however; he does omit mentioning woman as separate from man in his section of the order among man and other things. He states, â€Å"Those of superior intellect are the natural rulers while those who are less intelligent but have stronger bodies s eem to be made by nature to serve†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (The Summa, 11). He is not gender specific. In fact, one could read into this that most men are to be the servants because they have a stronger physique for working. Aquinas is much more for the idea of actual sin where †¦Ã¢â‚¬ the sin that is the result of [the action of] the soul upon the parts of the body†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (The Summa, 44). This means that each person’s sin is based upon the choices that they make in their life, not from something that is passed down from the original man. In a different aspect, Augustine believes that human sexuality is dirty. His writing is in favor of rejecting his own sexual nature to live a life away from woman altogether. In his writing he always uses negative language to talk about sexuality. He writes about a dream. He sees Continence and she says to him a quote from the Psalms â€Å"Close your ears to the unclean whispers of your body, so that it may be mortified. It tells you of things that delight you, but not such things as the law of the Lord your God has to tell† (Confessions, 176). These sexual temptations are impure, and disordered. He has to turn away from all things sexual. Through all his giving in to temptation in life he pulls a 180-degree turn once he converts and believes that he should never be with another woman again. He runs away from the general population and hides away in a monastery for the rest of his life. He changes from not being able to wait two years for a wife to have sex, to giving up sex forever. He feels like he had been greedy in the first part of his life and that the latter part should be given up to God. â€Å"†¦no bodily pleasure, however great it might be and whatever earthly light might shed luster upon it, was worthy of comparison†¦beside the happiness of the life of the saints† (Confessions, 197). Aquinas believes that human sexuality is innocent. He argues against the popular belief that woman is a ‘ misbegotten man’ by stating that â€Å"†¦woman is not something misbegotten but intended by nature to be directed to the work of procreation† (The Summa, 38). He goes on to say in that paragraph that because God is the creator of all things, and he created male and female, it is obvious that God intended for man and woman to exist with each other equally in nature. Human sexuality is necessary for procreation. Sin does not define whether or not human nature would procreate. â€Å"What is natural to man was neither taken away nor added to him by sin† (The Summa, 40). Sex is not a dirty act, quite the contrary; it is a perfection of God’s creation. â€Å"†¦by nature there is a union of the male and female for the purpose of procreation† (The Summa, 40). If the human race had never sinned and the world was in complete innocence we would still have the need to procreate and sex would be the necessary means to such. â€Å"In the state of innocence, however, reproduction would have taken place without lust† (The Summa, 40). Augustine had ideas for woman’s social roles as well. He had his mother as an example of an ideal woman and described how the ideal woman would be. Woman should behave a certain way. There is no circumstance where a woman would be over a man in any situation. He uses the example of his mother who he praises as possessing â€Å"†¦modesty and temperance†¦obey[ing] her parents†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Confessions, 194) as well as serving her husband as her lord (Confessions, 194). With her husband she â€Å"†¦knew better than to say or do anything to resist him when he was angry (Confessions, 195) and encouraged other women to â€Å"†¦not defy their masters† (Confessions, 195), in speaking about spousal relationships. In other words, woman should know their place and serve their husband without regard for self. He believed that the man was always to be placed first in every situation and that all women should be like his mother. Service should be a woman’s strong suit and it seems that Augustine believed that in this woman would be fulfilled. Aquinas believed that woman had worth and uses reason to prove this. Throughout his writings he uses non-gendered terms to describe most things, which is a sign to the reader that he believes in equality amongst men and women. He does say that woman was not made to be subjective to man in that she is a slave to him. He points out the two different meanings of subjection. The one kind is a product of the result of sin. The other kind is â€Å"†¦that of the household or the citizen in which the superior makes us of his subjects for their benefit or good† (The Summa, 38). He further specifies this to women when he says â€Å"woman is naturally subject to man in this kind of subjection because by nature man possesses more discernment of the reason† (The Summa, 38). In this, he is stating that there is a natural order to things. Not that woman is below the man in equality, but that there is simply a difference. This introduces the idea, separate but equal in a way. Man and woman are different, but also man and man are different. There are many cases in existence where a leader is needed to take charge. This is not because the one man is highly superior to all other men or that all other men should be slaves to the one, but that someone is needed to be a leader; â€Å"†¦someone can have dominion over another person as a free man, when he directs him to his own good or to the good of the community† (The Summa, 39). He also introduces an idea that if a woman is raped, she has committed no sin. Previously, when a woman was raped she was unworthy of marriage and was termed ‘dirty’. Aquinas finds worth in woman, and introduces the voice of reason in non-gendered terms in order to have his philosophies available to both man and woman. In their writings, St. Thomas Aquinas and St Augustine of Hippo have presented significantly differing views on women and the roles that they should have in the world. These three areas are some of the most important aspects of leading a good Christian life. Even today, these two men are regarded as doctors of the church and their ideals and philosophies are taught, with little regard for the fact that some of the things they teach are completely opposite of each other. Through these varying ideas about original sin, human sexuality, and social roles of man and woman they have set the stage for diversity within the Catholic Church. How to cite Aquinas vs. Augustine on Their Varying Views of Women, Papers

Banyan Tree Analysis free essay sample

Banyan Tree Holdings manages and develops resorts, hotels and spas. They have been listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange since 2006. Banyan began in 1994 with a single resort in Phuket and currently manages and has ownership interests in over 20 resorts and hotels, 60 spas, 70 retail galleries, and 3 golf courses. Refer to Appendix A for an overview of Banyan Tree’s global presence. The company is best known for its Banyan Tree and Angsana brands. In this paper, we consider the operations of the Banyan Tree Group. Here on, Banyan Tree Group will be referred to as â€Å"Banyan Tree†. Banyan Tree ends its fiscal year on 31st December each year. Financial Analysis Principal Activities Banyan Tree’s revenue is generated from three core business segments: Hotel Investments, Property Sales and Fee-based. Hotel Investments Banyan Tree main Hotel Investments were in Thailand, Maldives, China and Morocco. Investments in Thailand suffered a 24% dip in revenue due to reasons such as political instability and economic downturn in the Eurozone. On the same note, Morocco suffered a 29% dip in revenue per available room (RevPAR). On the other hand, investments in China and Maldives showed increases due to increasing demand from affluent travellers in China and successful marketing in Maldives. Property Sales Hotel Residences1 has earned $S12 million, a 50% drop from last financial year. Sales of Laguna property2 has earned $S17. 9 million, a 12% dropped from last financial year. Development project/site sales3 has earned $S36. 4 million. In 2011, Banyan Tree made a change in stance for their revenue recognition method, from the â€Å"percentage of completion† method as construction progresses, to the â€Å"completion† method. Hence, the overall property sales revenue was S$66. 3 million, up 49% from last year’s S$44. 4 million. For development project/site sales, there has been a general increase in interest in the closing months of the year, and we are hopeful of a stronger high season than in recent years. For Laguna property sales, the peaceful mid-year elections in Thailand led to an increase in sales activity, which offset the impact of the global economic downturn. Therefore, there was a 2% increase in sales in year 2011. Fee-based The Fee-based segment4 comprises Hotel/Fund/Club Management, Spa/Gallery Operations, Design Fees Others. With the exception of club management, all fee-based units registered year on year increased in revenue, resulting in overall revenue growth of 14%. But there was a lower club membership rate of 33%. This was due to the ongoing global economic uncertainty as well as political unrest in Thailand, which adversely affected investor confidence, particularly in higher-priced hotel residences. Analysis of Financial Ratios Current Ratio Banyan Tree possesses adequate resources to address an immediate crisis. Banyan Tree is able to comfortably payoff its current liabilities with its current assets. This is reflected by an increasing current ratio of 1. 25 since the 2008 economic crisis to 1. 76 in 2011. Competitors such as Stamford land had a current ratio of 1. 72 in 2011, Based on this comparison, Banyan Tree remains competitive. Debt Ratio Banyan Tree’s debt ratio for 2008 was 0. 62. However, this number has been gradually decreased to 0. 603 in 2011 indicating that less of the company’s assets are financed by debt. Competitors in the industry, such as Stamford Land Pte Ltd displayed debt ratios of 0. 538 in 2011, indicating an area where Banyan Tree can improve on. Taking into account Banyan Tree’s strong current ratio, a majority of Banyan Tree’s debt is long term. RevPAR RevPAR (Revenue per Available Room) measures a hotel’s profitability. By multiplying a hotel’s room-rate with the hotel’s occupancy rate, RevPAR measures profitability based on the number of available rooms. RevPAR improved from $179 in 2010 to $181 in 2011. Compared to competitors such as Pan Pacific which had a RevPAR of $135. 23 in 2011, Banyan Tree maintains a competitive grounding in the hospitality market. Earnings per Share Earnings per share (EPS) is a measure of a company’s profitability and investor confidence. Banyan Tree’s EPS was exceptionally high in 2007 due to the recording of an exceptional item gain of $44. 5 million due to litigation. The EPS later fell drastically in 2008 due to the absence of this item. In 2010, its EPS was also high due to the sale of Dusit Laguna Phuket which resulted in an accounting gain of $67. 4 million. However, this led to a fall in EPS again in 2011. EBITDA EBITDA fell steadily from 2007 to 2009, but saw a significant leap in the year 2010. However, most recently, Banyan Tree saw a plunge in earnings to a significant low of 49.4 million in 2011 this is possibly due to a change in accounting policy5. With a 14. 65% EBIDTA margin in 2011, compared to Stamford Land’s EBIDTA margin of 17. 95%, Banyan Tree has limited cash flow which can hinder its progress. The Problems Poor Performance in Thailand Though this poor performance has been excused by attributing the fall in revenue to the sale of Dusit Laguna Phuket and Laguna Beach Resort in 2010 and 2011, it can be attributed more to the political crisis and flooding in Thailand, which severely affected travel to the region as well as investment in the country. Travel to Thailand has since increased however, with the number of foreign tourists in Thailand rising from 15 to 19 million from 2010 to 2011. Hotel occupancy rates for Thailand rose from 50-57% in the same period, as opposed to Banyan Tree’s average occupancy rate decreasing from 52-51%. This might indicate Banyan Tree losing its competitive edge in Thailand or changing tourism trends in the country that it has not followed. Decrease Revenue in Hotel Investments Hotel investment revenue decreased by 20% from $205. 1 million in 2008 to $163. 7 million in 2011. The stronger performance by the hotels in China and the Maldives were offset by weaker numbers from Thailand, since more than half of Banyan Tree’s some 1,608 resorts and hotels are located in Thailand despite divestment efforts in recent years. In both 2008 and 2011, about 45% of Banyan Tree’s total revenue came from their hotel investment segment, which has consistently dropped some since 2008. While the property sales and fee-based segments have been growing in recent years, their growth is insufficient to offset the drop in hotel investment revenue. This problem is furthered by the fact that around 50% of Banyan Tree’s liabilities, and more than 60% of its assets are based in the hotel investment segment. Poor Market Performance Banyan Tree has consistently underperformed the STI since 2008, with its share price dropping around 60% since then. There are three main reasons for this are its decreasing EBITDA, its fluctuating EPS, and erosion of investor confidence given the geopolitical instability in Thailand. With most of its resources and revenue still over-reliant on Thailand, as well as Banyan Tree’s poor performance in the country, investor confidence has been poor in recent years. Future Plans Expanding to Emerging Economies China registered an S$2. 0 million increase in revenue from the year before, partly because of increased MICE activity (Appendix B). In addition, Banyan Tree’s properties in China saw a 55% increase in room revenue in 2011 (Appendix C) Tourist arrivals in china have grown from 26. 126million in 2010 to 27. 1120 million in 20116, an overall growth of foreign tourist arrivals by 3.8% with a slowly but surely recovering global economy and China’s stimulus packages starting to take effect, we should capitalize on China being a steadily growing travel hub and capture a larger market share catering to both travel for business and leisure. Apart from China, Banyan tree should look to expand into North East Asia. In South Korea, tourists’ arrivals have been steadily increasing from 6,890,841 visitors in 2008 to 9,794,796 in 2011. Once again, expanding into North East Asia would make Banyan Tree more profitable due to increased demand of hotel and luxury services. A more profitable Banyan tree will raise share price and increase investor confidence. Earnings per share will improve and as a result, more people will be willing to invest in Banyan tree resulting in greater equity financed working assets and a more financially stable company. Divesting Resources Revenue from Thailand fell 24% to S$33. 3 million, due to the sale of Dusit Laguna Phuket and Laguna Beach Resort in October 2010 and May 2011 respectively. Banyan Tree also suffered from floods occurring in Thailand, resulting in poorer tourist arrivals. Thailand’s poor performance in 2011 has resulted in weaker profits for Banyan Tree. Given the high concentration of hotels and spas in Thailand, Banyan Tree should look to divest some of its resources and re-allocate them into more profitable areas such as China and North East Asia. Fee based Segment Banyan Tree’s fee-based segment makes up 30. 2% of Banyan Tree’s group revenue and has grown by 14% from 2010 to 2011. In light of a weakening Hotel Investment sector, possessing a strong fee-based sector can result in longer term, more sustainable growth. Areas of focus in the fee based segment include expansion into emerging economies as well as deeper focus on Banyan Tree’s spa sector. Given there are only 65 existing spas under Banyan Tree, the spa sector is definitely a plausible area for expansion which can continue drawing revenue from local customers in the event of a drop in the number of tourists. We identify these as potential sources of revenue and believe that Banyan Tree can stand to profit from this. Hotel Management Program Education is an important area of investment. Investment in education almost always pays off. Banyan tree has been in the hotel business since 1994 and knows the ropes of the business. Banyan tree has a ‘Banyan Tree Management Academy’ (BTMA) which roughly covers the first two points discussed below. We are proposing a more prominent distinction between the two wings. We are proposing Banyan Tree to start a Hotel Management Institute with the following three wings: Re-education of existing employees This section involves, as the name suggests, re-education of the already existing employees to the latest trends. It would be made mandatory for every employee to take part in this program once every five years. This would keep the employees up-to-date with all the latest happenings in the field of hotel management. Education of future employees The students under this wing would have to sign a bond stating that they will work with banyan tree for a minimum of ten years after they complete their course and will not be allowed to ever work with any company involved in similar sectors of business as banyan tree. These students will be scholarship students. They will be taught with special focus on banyan tree and in great detail about the banyan tree structure and their way of working. In short, these are the future runners of banyan tree. This measure will help banyan tree create an image that none of its workers are untouchable and will help them easily replace employees. General Education This wing will be the main revenue generation of banyan tree hotel management institute. Students in this wing will be taught in a much general manner about the hotel industry and its structure. These students will not be given scholarships. After their education these students can work wherever they work. There will be a huge number of courses offered to the students under this category as this will be the main part of the institute. It will prepare students who want to assume any role in the hospitality business in the near future. Banyan tree already has a partnership with Cornell through BTMA and should look to use that partnership to help its hotel management institute grow initially.

International Production and Multinational Enterprise

Question: Discuss about the International Production and Multinational Enterprise. Answer: Introduction: Strategy has been misconstrued as a vision or mission statement, goals, strategic threats by many organizations. Strategy is generally assumed in the common activities of an organization and hence a requirement of comprehensive understanding of strategy in business management. The formation of a strategy is necessary for development of promising opportunities for the organization. Strategy of an organization provides a clear depiction of the markets in which the organization operates, unique value proposition provided by the company, resources and capabilities as well as factors for sustaining its value proposition (Beamish, 2013). Therefore sustenance in global markets has led to exposure towards several prolific strategies such as the AAA framework. The use of the AAA framework is largely concerned with the development of a promising value proposition in a global market and sustaining it. Strategic direction towards global value creation according to the AAA framework relies on the elements of adaptation, aggregation and arbitrage. The three different approaches could be considered as integral aspects of strategies for global value creation. A mere global strategy would not be sufficient to address the requirements in the domain of business (Buckley, Burton Mirza, 2016). The adaptation approach comprises of distinct methods to create value in a global market. Aggregation approach comprises of capitalizing on the economies of scale and scope which is executed commonly using the CAGE framework which relies on cultural, administrative and economic aggregation for facilitating value creation. The approach of aggregation is characterized by limited impact on local responsiveness and could be prepared according to geographic and non-geographic contexts. Arbitrage approach relies on the differences between regions and utilizes the concept of purchasing at lower prices in a specific market and selling at higher prices in another market. The CAGE framework also appli es to Arbitrage approach and hence leveraging cultural, geographic, economic and administrative capabilities for obtaining value in foreign markets (Casson, 2013). Application of Ideas The study of AAA framework could be applied to the case of McDonalds which assumed the adaptation approach to enter the Indian market. The sustenance of the companys value proposition in the sub-continent was primarily driven by its association with local entrepreneurs and introduction of variety in its products according to the preferences of the local customers. Furthermore, it was observed that the company assumed design adaptation and therefore McDonalds was able to reduce the complexity of supply chain management. The company was utilizing the local supply chain for manufacturing products and hence major reduction in the costs of transporting raw materials to the subcontinent was observed. The example of Tesla Motors can be considered for application of the adaptation approach for global value creation (Dunning, 2012). The companys initiatives to build hybrid electric cars should be complemented with focus on specific markets and customer segments. The focus of the organization on specific customer segments which would be willing to purchase the products of Tesla Motors. The application of focus approach of adaptation for Tesla Motors should be directed towards countries which favor environment friendly initiatives such as the hybrid electric cars provided by the company (Driffield, Jones Crotty, 2013). Business Mode Innovation Business model of an enterprise serves as the most promising resource for the company to realize development and growth. The business model could be considered as an outline of the approach followed by an organization and generally refers to four distinct components such as value proposition, value chain infrastructure, and global management model and market participation. It has also been observed that companies should undergo innovation in business model fabrication (Driffield, Jones Crotty, 2013). The apprehension of the roles of values disciplines and the marker leadership in the implementation of a business model for global strategy is imperative. The introduction of plausible inferences such as supply chain management from value chain infrastructure, global management from the model, is scope for global branding due to market participation and value proposition in the form of innovation. Value proposition of a business accounts for the primary aspect of a business model. The v alue proposition can be defined as the companys offer to the customers and package of products and services alongside a complete range of intangible and tangible benefits provided by a company to its customers. Market participation aspect of business model is determined by the organizations preferences for specific markets and customer segments, promotion and advertisement of value proposition as well as distribution methods (Forsgren Johanson, 2014). Market participation is a considerable influence on the identification of specific customers, scope for brand association and interaction between business and customers. The value chain infrastructure depicted in the business model of an organization refers to the association of the company with affiliate and partner networks as well as relevant resources and capabilities required to address the target markets and support the value proposition of the products (Wild, Wild Han, 2014). The value chain infrastructure is also concerned wi th the organization of the supporting networks and resources and capabilities of the organization to create a prolific opportunity for value creation in the target market (Jenkins, 2013) s. Global management model refers to the approach followed by an organization in its global operations and the primary classifications of global management model could be verified in the global product divisions and geographical structuring of the organization. The value discipline followed by a business organization is dependent on the value discipline and value creation strategy. The commonly adopted value disciplines by organizations in their business models refer to operational excellence, customer intimacy and product leadership (Verbeke, 2013). Application of Ideas The example of Intel can be viable observed as an implementation of effective business model for global value creation. Intel has sustained its value proposition for customers in the form of cost-effective computing chips and microprocessors and it defines the integration of product leadership value discipline in the business model. Intel has always set benchmarks in the industry of computing with the introduction of products superlative in processing performance than the earlier processor designs (Sinkovics et al., 2014). The major emphasis on creativity, speed and origin of innovative solutions is the key characteristic of product leadership which reflects on the value proposition of Intel. The case of British Airways can be considered for the realization of a business model for global value creation (Kelley Shenkar, 2013). The company could assume the value discipline of operational excellence through improving efficiency and cost in it value propositions. The existing value chai n infrastructure for British Airways would provide viable opportunities to realize additional concerns of safety of passengers and crew members as well as moderating business processes such as advertising, bookings and verification procedures. These improvisations in the business model of the organization could facilitate appropriate opportunities to sustain the competitive global market (Sinkovics et al., 2014). References Beamish, P., 2013.Multinational Joint Ventures in Developing Countries (RLE International Business). Routledge. Buckley, P.J., Burton, F. and Mirza, H. eds., 2016.The strategy and organization of international business. Springer. Casson, M. ed., 2013.The Growth of International Business (RLE International Business). Routledge. Dunning, J.H., 2012.International Production and the Multinational Enterprise (RLE International Business). Routledge. Dunning, J.H., 2013.Multinationals, Technology Competitiveness (RLE International Business)(Vol. 13). Routledge. Driffield, N., Jones, C. and Crotty, J., 2013. International business research and risky investments, an analysis of FDI in conflict zones.International Business Review,22(1), pp.140-155. Enderwick, P. ed., 2013.Multinational Service Firms (RLE International Business). Routledge. Forsgren, M. and Johanson, J., 2014.Managing networks in international business. Routledge. Jenkins, R., 2013.Transnational Corporations and Uneven Development (RLE International Business): The Internationalization of Capital and the Third World. Routledge. Kelley, L. and Shenkar, O., 2013.International business in China. Routledge. Sinkovics, R.R., Yamin, M., Nadvi, K. and Zhang Zhang, Y., 2014. Rising powers from emerging markets? The changing face of international business.0969-5931,23(4), pp.675-679. Taylor, M. and Thrift, N., 2013.Multinationals and the Restructuring of the World Economy (RLE International Business): The Geography of the Multinationals(Vol. 2). Routledge. Verbeke, A., 2013.International business strategy. Cambridge University Press. Wild, J., Wild, K.L. and Han, J.C., 2014.International business. Pearson Education Limited.